Rapid Dark Growth of Seed Black Holes in Self-Interacting Dark Matter

RESUMO

The rapid emergence of massive black holes in the early Universe, possibly related to Little Red Dots, challenges conventional growth from light seeds. Dark-matter accretion offers a distinct route, and self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) makes it possible by behaving as a collisional fluid. We show that gas inflow can drive strong local contraction of an SIDM halo, assembling a dense reservoir around a pre-existing black-hole seed. The seed then enters a rapid dark-growth phase and can gain several orders of magnitude in mass within less than $1$ Myr before transitioning to slower accretion. We self-consistently follow this process by solving the spherical Euler equations with SIDM self-gravity, collisional heat transport, and an absorbing black-hole sink, rather than imposing an accretion history. The growth depends most strongly on halo mass, with weaker sensitivity to inflowing gas fraction, nuclear size, and seed mass. Gas-inflow-driven SIDM accretion therefore provides an efficient pathway for producing massive black holes in the early Universe.