SemDPLA: Semantic Communication-based Distributed Physical-Layer Authentication for 6G-enabled Dense IoT

RESUMO

With the rapid development of 6G, increasingly dense device connectivity imposes more strict requirements on multi-users Physical-Layer Authentication (PLA). Compared with cryptography-based methods, PLA enables lightweight authentication by using the uniqueness of wireless channels. However, existing PLA schemes in dense wireless scenarios often suffer from weak fingerprint discriminability and limited computation and communication resources. To address these challenges, we propose a Semantic Communication-based Distributed PLA (SemDPLA) framework. The framework constructs fused central semantic Channel State Information (CSI) fingerprints by fusing semantic information from a central node and multiple distributed nodes. Specifically, we introduce semantic communication to reduce the impact of low Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) and the consumption of communication resource during the transmission from distributed nodes to central node. Furthermore, we propose an ArcFace-based classification method and a semantic fingerprint-oriented distributed voting consistency mechanism to enhance device classification accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SemDPLA scheme performs better than single-node authentication, decision fusion, raw-CSI transmission, and feature fusion baselines. It achieves equal error rates (EERs) of 8.6% at 0 dB and 3.4% at 20 dB. It also achieves classification accuracies of 91.4% at 0 dB and above 95.8% from 5 to 20 dB. Moreover, SemDPLA is robust in low SNR environment and under attacks of abnormal nodes.