Neutron Star Merger Universality Relations for a Quark--Hadron Crossover Equation of State

RESUMO

A crossover transition from hadronic to quark matter during the merger of neutron stars can lead to interesting observational consequences in the emergent gravitational radiation. In particular, the increased pressure in the crossover density region ($2-5$ times the nuclear saturation density) can lead to an extended duration of high-frequency ($\sim 2-3.5$ kHz) gravitational wave emission during the post-merger epoch. We study the universality relations for a variety of equations of state with and without a crossover transition to a quark mater based upon the QHC19 and QHC21 EoSs. We find that the long-duration post-merger gravitational-wave emission is more pronounced in the QHC21 EoS. We then consider universality relations among various observable quantities that have been identified in simulations with hadronic equations of state. We show that there are deviations from the universality relations for some quantities that may ultimately provide an observational signal that such a transition has occurred.