Uniqueness of positive solutions of double-power nonlinear stationary Schrödinger equations: the fixed frequency case and the fixed mass case

RESUMO

The existence of a positive radial solution to the problem \begin{align*} -\Delta u + \lambda u = u^p + u^q, \quad u \in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N), ~~ N \ge 2, \end{align*} where $\lambda > 0$ and $1 < q < p < 2^* - 1$, has been known for a long time. For the pure-power nonlinearity, it is well known that this solution is unique. In contrast, the uniqueness problem for the double-power case is substantially more delicate and depends on the dimension and the exponents. It has been known that the uniqueness result is in general not true for the equation with double-power nonlinearities in dimension three and it is a long-standing open question to prove the uniqueness of positive radial solutions throughout the full subcritical range for $N \ge 4$ since the work of H. Berestycki, P.-L. Lions [2] (Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 1983). In this paper we provide the uniqueness results for all $\lambda > 0$ and all $1 < q < p < 2^* - 1$ when $N \ge 5$. In dimensions $N = 2,3,4$, with additional conditions on $p$ and $q$, we obtain the uniqueness results for all $\lambda > 0$. Our results are in sharp contrast to those of J. Dávila, M. del Pino and I. Guerra [6] (Proc. London Math. Soc. 2013), where some non-uniqueness results were obtained for $N=3$. At the same time, we give a positive answer and rigorous proof to the implication of their numerical simulation, clarify the open issues left by [6]. Finally, we completely resolve the uniqueness problem of the above equation with $L^2$-mass constraints in the mass-subcritical and mass-critical regimes for all $N \ge 2$.