Harnack Inequality for Parabolic Fractional $p$-Laplace Equations

RESUMO

We establish an intrinsic Harnack inequality with an optimal tail term for weak solutions of parabolic fractional $p$-Laplace equations with $p>2$ and $s\in(0,1)$ whose kernels are symmetric, measurable, and comparable to $|x-y|^{-n-sp}$. It constitutes the nonlocal analogue of the intrinsic Harnack inequality of DiBenedetto, Gianazza and Vespri. In contrast to the exponential change of variables and expansion-of-positivity used in the local case, our technique is nonlocal and relies on comparison arguments and barriers in a variational framework. Indeed, we obtain the stronger conclusion where the forward comparison starts immediately after the reference time, without an additional time gap, which is false in the local case. The latter leads to elliptic-type Harnack estimates for parabolic equations. Our result is new even in the linear case.