The Multiphase CGM in the Epoch of Reionization: CII and CIV absorbers around [OIII] Emitters

RESUMO

We investigate the multiphase circumgalactic medium (CGM) during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR, $z>6$) by cross-correlating cool- CII and warm-ionized CIV absorption systems with star-forming [OIII] emitters. JWST/NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy from the EIGER survey is combined with medium- and high-resolution optical/NIR spectra of six background quasars, including new VLT/X-Shooter observations of PSO J159-02. We analyze the relation between 16 CII and 14 CIV absorbers ($\log(N) > 13.0$) and 136 galaxies, within an impact parameter of R$_{\perp} \leq$ 1000 pkpc and a line-of-sight separation of $\Delta v \leq 500$ km/s. We detect a statistically significant excess of both ions around galaxies compared to a randomized background. We observe that the CIV covering fraction remains enhanced up to $\sim 1$ pMpc, whereas CII drops to the background level beyond $\sim 0.5$ pMpc, demonstrating that the warm-ionized phase is more spatially extended than cooler gas. Jointly, the 3D galaxy-absorber spatial clustering is significantly weaker than the galaxy-galaxy auto-correlation. This provides direct physical evidence that early carbon enrichment is not confined to the virial radius of massive star-forming systems; rather, a substantial fraction of these metals permeates the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) or is injected by a widespread population of faint, undetected dwarf galaxies. Finally, we note a rapid radial decline of the CIV covering fraction compared with lower redshift samples at $z<2$ and $z\sim3-4$ pointing out an evolving CGM ionization structure where early metals reside predominantly in lower ionization states. In conclusion, we determine a conservative lower limit for the observed carbon mass of $\rm M_{CII + CIV} \geq 2.8 \times 10^6 \, M_{\odot}$ within 300 pkpc.