Minimum blockers for nonnested perfect matchings

RESUMO

A perfect matching in an ordered graph is nonnested if no edge lies strictly inside another. We classify the smallest edge sets meeting every nonnested perfect matching on $2k$ ordered vertices. For $k\ge2$, these blockers have $k$ edges and belong to three explicit families, with $2^k+k-2$ members in total. The proof uses a minimum spanning tree of an auxiliary interval cut; its equality case also classifies the minimum blockers for concatenations of crossing matchings. The argument gives a deterministic algorithm that, from at most $k$ deleted edges, returns a minimum blocker description or an avoiding nonnested perfect matching in $O(k^2)$ word operations and $O(k)$ auxiliary words. We also give an injection from one of the blocker families into minimum blockers of $123$-avoiding permutation matrices. Beyond the perfect case, an explicit construction gives graphs with $(k-1)n+1$ edges and no nonnested $k$-matching for every $k\ge5$ and $n\ge2k+1$.