Three-Phase Unbalance Mitigation via DSO-FRA Coordination: A GNB-Based Chance-Constrained Model Considering PV Uncertainty

RESUMO

Although flexible resource aggregators (FRAs), represented by electric vehicle aggregators (EVAs) and load aggregators (LAs), possess inherent flexibility to mitigate three-phase unbalance, the key challenge lies in how to effectively incentivize them to actively participate in unbalance mitigation. To address this, this paper proposes a generalized Nash bargaining (GNB)-based chance-constrained coordinated operation model for the distribution system operator (DSO) and FRAs. In this framework, the DSO and FRAs cooperate to mitigate three-phase unbalance, where FRAs provide flexibility to reduce the DSO's unbalance mitigation costs, and the DSO offers economic incentives to FRAs in return. Bargaining power is tailored according to each participant's contribution to unbalance mitigation to ensure fair profit allocation. Moreover, a scenario-based chance-constrained formulation is integrated to handle photovoltaic (PV) output uncertainties. To solve the model, a distributed proximal decomposition algorithm (PDA) is introduced for the independent model, while the coordinated model is decomposed into a social welfare maximization subproblem and a payment bargaining subproblem, with an improved bilinear Benders decomposition algorithm developed to solve the former. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in mitigating unbalance, ensuring fair profit distribution, and enhancing robustness against uncertainties.