Dynamical Anisotropy of a Colloidal Glass Under Pressure

RESUMO

Pressure is a critical thermodynamic parameter that profoundly influences the physical properties of glasses. Pressure-induced densification and structural transformation endow glasses manufactured under such conditions with exceptional mechanical and optical properties. Although pressure-treated glasses have been characterized by ensemble-averaged methods such as X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, their microscopic dynamics have rarely been addressed, limiting our understanding of the coupling among structure, dynamics, and mechanics. Here, using a binary hard-sphere colloidal glass confined in cylindrical capillary tubes, we impose a constant pressure on the particles through the tangential component of gravity. This approach enables the first investigation of pressure effects on colloidal glasses. We find that the dynamics are substantially frozen, whereas the structural change remains comparatively mild. At low pressure, spatial correlations among structural, dynamical, and local elastic heterogeneities are observed. Remarkably, dynamical anisotropy emerges in response to pressure, characterized by faster motion parallel to the pressure direction than perpendicular to it. This anisotropy is attributed to an instability induced by the strong pressure force. Concurrently, structural and dynamical heterogeneities are strongly suppressed under pressure. Our experiments characterize the microscopic dynamics of colloidal glasses under pressure and offer design principles for the manufacturing protocol of glass materials.