Cubic AGM graphs and Hessian $3$-isogenies over finite fields $\mathbb{F}_q$ of odd characteristic with $q \equiv 2 \pmod3$

RESUMO

Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field of odd characteristic with $q \equiv 2 \pmod3$. We study the directed graph defined by the Borwein--Borwein cubic arithmetic--geometric mean (AGM) over $\mathbb{F}_q$. We prove that this graph is a disjoint union of directed cycles. We associate Hessian curves with this AGM. We also show that each edge corresponds to a $3$-isogeny defined over $\mathbb{F}_q$ between the curves associated with its initial and terminal vertices. We then use a counting formula for Hessian curves to derive a lower bound for the number of cycles.