Nonlinear dynamics of random neural networks with second-order synaptic motifs

RESUMO

Classical theories of random neural networks typically assume independent connectivity, overlooking the local motif structures prevalent in biological circuits. Here, we investigate how four second-order synaptic motifs (chain, reciprocal, convergent, and divergent) shape the dynamics of nonlinear firing-rate networks. While previous studies have established that chain correlations generate outlier eigenvalues, we demonstrate that these motifs also jointly reshape the Jacobian eigenvalue bulk. Using the path-integral formalism, we derive a dynamic mean-field theory which reveals that the chain motif acts as a retarded feedback of the ensemble-mean activity through the response kernel, producing a rich repertoire of dynamical regimes, including ferromagnetic states and limit cycles. At sufficiently large magnitude, negative chain correlations produce a glassy, multistable regime that was previously mainly associated with partially symmetric networks. Our theory also distinguishes convergent from divergent motifs: divergent correlations primarily rescale temporal noise, while convergent correlations suppress temporal chaos by converting nonzero mean activity into quenched heterogeneity. Finally, analyses of the Lyapunov spectrum and participation-ratio dimension show that motif structure changes the geometry of chaotic activity, reducing entropy production and attractor dimensionality even when the effective spectral edge is held fixed. Together, these findings establish second-order motifs as a fundamental structural mechanism governing the dynamical regimes of local cortical circuits.