Functional Observers for Output-Feedback Safety with High-Order Control Barrier Functions

RESUMO

This paper studies output-feedback safety filtering for linear systems using high-order control barrier functions (HOCBFs) when the full state is unavailable. Since the HOCBF conditions depend only on specific state functionals, full-state reconstruction is unnecessary; instead, their implementation requires only functional observability or detectability of these quantities. We show that the HOCBF gains determine the required functionals and hence their observability properties, coupling safety and estimation design. We exploit this structure using scalar functional observers and develop a polynomial co-design framework that characterizes HOCBF observability and detectability, observer existence and order, and convergence-rate limitations. A certified one-sided estimation-error bound then enables safe output-feedback implementation.