Predefined-Time Integral Reinforcement Learning for Saturated Unknown Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks and Disturbances

RESUMO

This paper addresses secure leader-follower formation of unknown nonlinear multi-agent systems under actuator constraints, external disturbances, and false-data-injection (FDI) attacks. The graph-coupled coordination-error dynamics are formulated as local zero-sum differential games, where a nonquadratic input utility yields saturation-compatible secure policies and actuator-channel FDI and disturbances act as adversarial inputs. To eliminate explicit dependence on the unknown nonlinear drift, an integral Bellman-Isaacs identity enables critic-only learning from finite trajectory data. A two-power state-cost structure and a deadline-parameterized critic update connect optimal learning with predefined-time stabilization. Unlike fixed-time methods whose settling-time bound is determined by preselected gains, the proposed framework assigns the overall deadline first and allocates it among data informativity, critic learning, the reinforcement window, and formation convergence. Practical predefined-time convergence of the critic and formation errors to bounded residual sets is established independently of initial conditions, while secure actuator constraints are satisfied by construction. Simulations validate the framework under FDI attacks, disturbances, input constraints, and different initial conditions.