Optimal Hamiltonian Parameter Estimation in the Presence of Nuisance Parameters

RESUMO

In many sensing applications, the quantity of interest is not the only unknown, there are also additional unknown parameters, known as nuisance parameters, that affect the precision of estimation. While the ultimate local precision limit for a target parameter is well understood in the absence of nuisance parameters, the problem becomes significantly more challenging when they are present. In this work, we develop a framework for optimal Hamiltonian parameter estimation in the presence of nuisance parameters. We introduce an effective generator that captures the influence of nuisance parameters on the target precision, providing an explicit characterization of the ultimate precision limit for estimating the target parameter. Finally, we provide explicit optimal protocols, including probe state, control, and measurement that saturate this fundamental limit.