PAPER / ARXIV:2609.12153
Daniel Kocevski (NASA/MSFC), Eric Burns (LSU), Thomas Barclay (NASA/GSFC), Nicholas E. White (George Washington University), Massimiliano Galeazzi (University of Miami), Brendan O'Connor (Carnegie Mellon University), Amy Lien (University of Tampa), Chris Fryer (LANL), Hallie Fausey (Baylor University), Fe McBride (Bowdoin College), Neil Cornish (Montana State University), Dheeraj Pasham (George Washington University), Kip Kuntz (Johns Hopkins University), Anya Nugent (CFA), Scott Porter (GSFC), Tzu-Ching Chang (JPL), Adam Lidz (University of Pennsylvania), Alexander van der Horst (George Washington University), Sylvain Guiriec (George Washington University), Ed Cackett (Wayne State University), Dieter Hartmann (Clemson University), Brad Cenko (NASA/GSFC), C. Michelle Hui (NASA/MSFC), Tyler Parsotan (NASA/GSFC), Michael W. Coughlin (UMN), Eliza Neights (GWU, NASA GSFC), Zorawar Wadiasingh (UMD / NASA/GSFC), Catherine Grant (MIT), Oindabi Mukherjee (USRA), Francesco Longo (University and INFN, Trieste), Eric Bellm (University of Washington), Alec Habig (Minnesota Duluth), George Younes (UMBC/GSFC), Kim Page (University of Leicester), Shivam Kumar Sharma (STIG/PhysPAG-NASA), Oliver J. Roberts (Uni of Galway, Ireland), Rachel Hamburg (USRA), Rahul Gupta (NASA GSFC), Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge (NASA MSFC), William Cleveland (USRA), Breann Sitarski (NASA GSFC), Vikas Chand (LSU), Raffaella Margutti (UCB), Adam Goldstein (USRA), Ryan J. Foley (UC Santa Cruz), Vidushi Sharma (UMBC / NASA/GSFC), Yi-Jung Yang (NYUAD), Elisabetta Bissaldi (Politecnico and INFN Bari), M. Coleman Miller (University of Maryland), T. A. Pritchard (UMD, GSFC), D. J. Sand (University of Arizona), Tomas Ahumada (NOIRLab), Judith Racusin (NASA/GSFC), Noah Franz (University of Arizona), Kate D. Alexander (University of Arizona), Brenna Mockler (UC Davis), D. Andrew Howell (LCO/UCSB), Elisa Quintana (NASA/GSFC), Chin-Ping Hu (NCUE), Igor Andreoni (UNC), Boyan Hristov (UAH)
RESUMO
Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (TDAMM) is entering a discovery-rich but follow-up-limited era, creating an urgent need for responsive, multiwavelength space-based capabilities. The Hydra constellation is a concept for a proliferated space architecture for time-domain astrophysics. The constellation would act as a disaggregated observatory composed of coordinated, relatively low-cost spacecraft that collectively provide capabilities traditionally concentrated within a single large mission. The architecture would combine persistent wide-field gamma-ray monitoring, wide-field and focused X-ray observations, and rapid-response ultraviolet, optical, and infrared imaging and spectroscopy. The constellation would both discover high-energy transients and respond to external alerts from gravitational-wave detectors, neutrino observatories, and ground- and space-based surveys, using low-latency communications, automated event prioritization, and community coordination frameworks to rapidly assign observing resources. A proliferated architecture would offer operational advantages over a single larger mission, including simultaneous observations of multiple targets, graceful degradation following individual spacecraft failures, recurring technology refresh, and opportunities for commercial, international, and philanthropic contributed nodes to join the network. The constellation would address fundamental questions concerning cosmic accelerators, the origin and evolution of the elements, the behavior of matter at extreme density, and the nature of dark energy through gravitational-wave standard sirens. This white paper presents the Hydra concept description that was submitted to NASA's ASTRA initiative for consideration by the Cosmic Origins Program Analysis Group (CoPAG) and Physics of the Cosmos Program Analysis Group (PhysPAG).
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