Testing Chemical Tagging with LAMOST: Intrinsic Abundance Dispersion of Subgiant Stars in the Galactic Disk

RESUMO

The scatter in elemental abundances among stars of similar age and metallicity reflects chemical inhomogeneity in their birth environments, making abundance scatter a key observable for chemical-tagging studies of Galactic formation and evolution. Using a large sample of subgiant stars with precise ages and elemental abundances derived from LAMOST low-resolution spectra, we investigate the intrinsic chemical abundance scatter of the low-$\alpha$ thin disk near the solar neighborhood ($7 < R < 10$ kpc). We model the abundance ratio [X/Fe], for each of the 19 elements of concern, as a function of age, [Fe/H], and [Mg/Fe], and deduce the intrinsic dispersions with a forward modelling technique. Our results confirm previous findings that the intrinsic scatters are small, typically $\lesssim0.05$~dex, for light elements (C, Al), $\alpha$-elements (O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), and iron-peak elements (Mn, Ni). A dedicated analysis of M67 yields similarly small scatter values for these elements, implying limited discriminatory power from light-element abundances alone. In contrast, neutron-capture elements exhibit substantially larger scatters, typically $\gtrsim$0.1 dex, which are significantly larger than those of M67 member stars ($\sim$0.07~dex). In particular, our analysis suggests that the abundance variations of individual neutron-capture elements cannot be explained by a single tracer such as [Ba/Fe]. These findings clarify the utility of neutron-capture elements for chemical tagging and highlight the potential of low-resolution spectroscopy in such studies.