Néel-Vector-Dependent Altermagnetic Spin Splitting in the One-Dimensional Limit

RESUMO

Altermagnetism is normally identified by nonrelativistic spin-split bands in a compensated collinear magnet. Under one-dimensional confinement, however, this diagnostic can disappear: a boundary-compatible sublattice-exchange operation may leave the only Bloch momentum unchanged, forcing the nonrelativistic spin-up and spin-down spectra to coincide. We show that nonrelativistic spin degeneracy can coexist with relativistic spin splitting in a compensated one-dimensional magnet. In a Lieb-based construction, confinement along the diagonal cancels the projected $d$-wave spin splitting while preserving the real-space sublattice-exchange motif. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) then locks spin to the lattice, so the Néel-vector orientation selects a magnetic line group that can reveal spin-split bands. Using fully compensated $[110]$ Ta$_2$TeSeO nanoribbons as a prototype, we find spin-degenerate nonrelativistic bands and sizable SOC splitting in the inherited easy-axis domain, $\mathbf N\parallel[100]$ or $[010]$. For sufficiently wide ribbons that retain the parent easy-axis order, this splitting is an equilibrium property. The easy-axis ribbon also supports a right-moving-mode spin polarization of about $35\%$ at finite ideal conductance. Our results establish one-dimensional fully compensated altermagnetic functionality hidden inside apparently conventional antiferromagnetic bands.