Exploring the Observational Constraints and Cosmological Dynamics in f(Q,L_m) Gravity

RESUMO

We explore two scenarios of $f(Q,\mathcal{L}_m)$ gravity: linear and non-linear gravity models. The dynamical system analysis identifies two critical points for each of the proposed linear and nonlinear matter--geometry coupling models. These equilibrium points correspond to distinct phases of cosmic evolution. Depending on the model parameters, the resulting critical points successfully reproduce the observed sequence of cosmic evolution, from a decelerated matter-dominated Universe to the present epoch of accelerated expansion. The effective equation of state parameter ($\omega_{\text{eff}}$) and the deceleration parameter ($q$) exhibit smooth transitions from decelerated to accelerated expansion, with transition epochs around $N_{\text{tr}} \approx -0.27$ for linear Model and $N_{\text{tr}} \approx -0.32$ for non-linear Model, consistent with late-time cosmic acceleration. Statistical constraints derived from CC+BAO, DESI DR II, and Pantheon$^+$ datasets provide best-fit values for the model parameters ($\alpha, \beta, \gamma, H_0$), showing compatibility with current cosmological observations. The analysis employs Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria to evaluate model performance. Our results demonstrate that $f(Q,\mathcal{L}_m)$ gravity provides a viable alternative framework for explaining late-time acceleration, with rich dynamical features that merit further exploration in view of upcoming high-precision surveys.