Information capacity of quantum statistics: Fock-state tests of a discrete binary-sequence model on cloud photonic quantum processors

RESUMO

Our central premise is that quantum mechanics may be the statistical limit of a more fundamental discrete theory: any such theory equips a physical system with a finite information capacity, and its departure from quantum statistics is controlled by how much of that capacity the system uses. We show that commercial cloud photonic quantum processors have reached the precision required to bound this capacity from below, using the binary-sequence model of Powers et al. as the concrete test theory: outcome probabilities arise from counting discrete sequences of length $n$, quantum mechanics is recovered as $n \to \infty$, and $n$ measures the information capacity of the register behind a prepared state. Photon Fock states $|1\rangle$, $|1,1\rangle$, heralded $|2\rangle$, and cascaded beam-splitter pairs are measured on programmable interferometers with dominant systematics determined in situ. The model's composition-consistent parametrization, singled out by requiring that rotations compose, recovers quantum mechanics with deviations $1.24/n$; a random-effects likelihood analysis calibrated by parametric bootstrap excludes all $n \le 100$: the information capacity of the register carrying the two-photon state, if finite, exceeds $10^2$. Cascaded beam splitters test the composition law directly: the data are split-invariant, excluding naive count composition at $8\sigma$ and confirming the interference-sign rule. Model-independently, curve-averaged deviations from the quantum partition law larger than $2.3\times10^{-2}$ are excluded at 95% CL, and the originally published linear parametrization is excluded outright. Because the compilation offset is frozen per circuit it is calibratable, opening the $10^{-3}$ floor ($n \sim 10^3$) to current hardware: cloud photonic processors are quantitative instruments for quantum foundations, and information capacity an experimentally boundable quantity.