Non-equilibrium dissipative stabilization of s- and d-wave superconductivity

RESUMO

Stabilizing superconductivity beyond its equilibrium regime has been one of the quests of nonequilibrium state engineering. We report the presence of nonthermal pairing gap in BCS superconductors coupled to two thermal baths, where one of the baths can be at a temperature well above the equilibrium $T_c$. Superconducting state is enabled by a highly non-equilibrium steady state stabilized by weak coupling to baths that break detailed balance condition. The steady-state is well described by a generalized Gibbs ensemble parametrized with chemical potentials for associated Bogoliubov quasiparticle. A strong, non-perturbative effect is reported for both $s$-wave and $d$-wave superconductors, and its possible realization in cavity-based experiments is discussed.