Positive Solutions for an Indefinite-Weight Minkowski Mean Curvature Neumann Problem: Multiplicity and Asymptotic Behaviour

RESUMO

We study the Neumann boundary value problem $$ -\operatorname{div}\left(\frac{\nabla u}{\sqrt{1-|\nabla u|^2}}\right) = \lambda a(x)g(u) \quad \text{in } \Omega, \qquad \frac{\nabla u}{\sqrt{1-|\nabla u|^2}}\cdot \mathbf n = 0 \quad \text{on } \partial\Omega, $$ where $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N$ is a bounded convex domain, $a\in L^\infty(\Omega)$ is an indefinite weight with $\int_\Omega a < 0$, and $g$ is a nonlinearity. Under suitable assumptions on $g$, we prove the existence of two positive solutions for sufficiently large $\lambda>0$, using Szulkin's theory for nonsmooth functionals: a global minimizer $u_\lambda^{(l)}$ with negative energy, and a mountain-pass critical point $u_\lambda^{(s)}$ with positive energy. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic behaviour of both solutions as $\lambda \to +\infty$ in the model case $g(u) = |u|^{p-2} u$. We show that the mountain-pass energy level decays at the explicit rate $c_\lambda = O(\lambda^{-2/(p-2)})$, and that $u_\lambda^{(s)} \to 0$ in $C(\overline\Omega)$; moreover, we prove that $u_\lambda^{(l)} \to u_\infty$ uniformly, where $u_\infty$ solves a constrained maximization problem. The limiting profile $u_\infty$ saturates the geometric constraint, $\|\nabla u_\infty\|_{L^\infty(\Omega)}=1$, and on every connected open set where the gradient constraint is inactive and $a\neq 0$, the function $u_\infty$ is constant.