Pullbacks of Groupoid $C^*$-Algebras over Disjoint Invariant Sets

RESUMO

We establish a pullback theorem for \(C^*\)-algebras of locally compact Hausdorff étale groupoids. The theorem shows that, when the unit space is covered by two closed invariant subsets whose complements are disjoint open invariant subsets, the corresponding groupoid \(C^*\)-algebras form a pullback diagram in the category of \(\mathbb T\)-\(C^*\)-algebras and \(\mathbb T\)-equivariant \(*\)-homomorphisms, for the gauge actions induced by a \(\mathbb Z\)-valued cocycle and its restrictions. We then prove a collection of boundary-path decomposition theorems for graphs, relative graphs, and topological graphs. We show that admissible decompositions of graphs, together with their analogues in the relative and topological settings, induce corresponding decompositions of boundary path spaces. Combining these decomposition theorems with the groupoid pullback theorem, we recover previously known pullback theorems for graph \(C^*\)-algebras, relative graph \(C^*\)-algebras, and topological graph \(C^*\)-algebras. Thus these pullback phenomena are explained by a single groupoid-theoretic mechanism.