Omnidirectional UMi Path Loss Models for 3GPP Extension Above 100 GHz Using Extensive Empirical Data Sets from 6.75 to 142 GHz

RESUMO

Extending standardized urban microcell (UMi) path loss (PL) models from the upper mid-band (FR3) to sub-terahertz (sub-THz) frequencies requires measurement-based comparisons spanning a wide spectral range within a unified framework. In this paper, we derive single- and multi-frequency omnidirectional PL models for UMi environments based on extensive NYU WIRELESS measurements at 6.75, 16.95, 28, 73, and 142 GHz in line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. Single-frequency close-in (CI) and floating-intercept (FI) models for each band show that CI yields more stable and physically interpretable parameters, with shadow fading standard deviations within 0.98 dB of FI across all five frequencies. We then extend the multi-frequency PL analysis to the 7-24 GHz, 0.5-100 GHz, and 0.5-150 GHz frequency ranges using CI, close-in with frequency weighting (CIF), and alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) models. Across progressively wider frequency spans, CI and CIF maintain stable distance exponents that remain closely aligned with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) UMi interpretations, whereas ABG offers only very modest reductions in fitting error at the cost of much greater parameter sensitivity. These results support physically anchored CI/CIF formulations with a close-in free space path loss anchor point at 1 m in order to extend 3GPP-oriented UMi PL models over the entire 0.5 to 150 GHz frequency range.