The range and omitted values of a certain sequence involving the partition function

RESUMO

Let \(p(n)\) denote the ordinary partition function. Motivated by analogous questions concerning Euler's totient function and its complementary counting function, we study the range of the partition-derived sequence \(p(n)-n\). We give combinatorial interpretations of this sequence and investigate both the attained and omitted positive integers. We obtain exact and asymptotic information about the gaps between consecutive attained values and show that the range is remarkably sparse: its counting function has order \((\log x)^2\), and consequently the range has natural density zero. We also extend the discussion to partitions whose Durfee square has side at least a fixed positive integer.