Fortuitous ABJM Operators as Black Holes

RESUMO

Given a superconformal gauge theory at a fixed loop order, BPS states can be studied in two ways --- by enumerating cohomology classes of a nilpotent supercharge or by diagonalizing the anomalous dimension matrix. The second one allows for a deeper look at how holographic theories distinguish between operators based on whether they are dual to horizonless geometries or black holes. To this end, we carry out the diagonalization in $\mathrm{U}(N)_k \times \mathrm{U}(N)_{-k}$ ABJM theory with $N$ as a formal parameter. This makes it possible to define trajectories of operators and focus on the fortuitous ones which are characterized by being BPS at only finitely many values of $N$. In contrast to $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Super Yang-Mills, where it has been numerically prohibitive to study more than one of these, ABJM gives us access to 16 such trajectories along with their descendants. We show that they take an especially simple form at large $N$ where they agree with the predictions of integrability. We also show that many of them, as with black holes, can only be dressed by certain types of gravitons and comment on how this exercise in cohomology also has implications for properties of the full operators. Finally, we show that the gap to the first non-BPS state in ABJM theory qualitatively differs from that of $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Super Yang-Mills in the expected way.