The Stretch Factor of Planar Delaunay Triangulations Is Less Than 1.65

RESUMO

Delaunay triangulations are a fundamental class of plane spanners, and determining their worst-case stretch factor has been a longstanding problem in computational geometry. We prove an upper bound of \(1.65\), improving the bound of \(1.998\) due to Xia (2011) and reducing the gap to the known lower bound of \(1.5932\) by a factor of more than seven. Our proof works with the chains of circumdisks introduced by Xia, along which a path between two sites is assembled disk by disk. Xia measures such a path against a quantity attached to the whole chain, and because that quantity is not additive, his induction has to be carried alongside a separate global estimate. Our main idea is to measure the path against the progress it makes along the segment joining the two sites. This quantity is additive, so the bound becomes a Bellman recursion that forgets all but one number about the disks already passed, and we show that the bound holds if and only if a potential on the current state satisfies three local inequalities. The smallest feasible potential is the value function of that recursion, so searching for a potential becomes the problem of fitting this value function from above. The geometry of the disks reduces the fit to a linear program over functions of one variable, in which a GPT-based multi-agent system that we developed found a feasible point, certified in exact arithmetic.