LEGGOS: Direct abundances of N, O, Ne, S, and Ar in five lensed galaxies at Cosmic Noon

RESUMO

We present direct $T_e$ chemical abundances in five strongly lensed galaxies at Cosmic Noon ($2.481 \leq z \leq 3.625$) using JWST/NIRSpec data from the LEGGOS survey. We measure gas-phase abundances of N, O, S, and Ar in all five galaxies, and Ne in two galaxies. Three galaxies have electron temperature constraints from multiple different ionization zones, and we find that these are broadly consistent with temperature scaling relations observed in both local and high-$z$ galaxies. We find a range of oxygen abundances $8.04 \leq 12+\log(\text{O/H}) \leq 8.79$ (22 -- 126\% $Z_{\odot}$). The ratios of N/O and Ne/O are consistent with trends observed in local galaxies. We do not observe any evidence for significant N enhancement in our sample, though the youngest galaxy in our sample (SGAS-J1050) has a mildly elevated $\log(\text{N/O}) = 1.20 \pm 0.08$, which we suggest may be driven by a population of young massive stars. The ratios of S/O and Ar/O are generally sub-solar, similar to trends observed in other high-$z$ galaxies. We find that the S/O and Ar/O abundances are sub-solar, consistent with enrichment from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Modeling of the star formation histories of the LEGGOS galaxies supports CCSNe enrichment, as each galaxy shows a recent period of star formation lasting $\lesssim 100$ Myr, indicating that type Ia supernovae would not yet have had enough time to contribute significantly to the gas-phase abundances of these galaxies.