Mapping locally nondominated curves in multiobjective topology optimization of compliance and volume

RESUMO

This paper studies the nondominated set for topology optimization of compliance and volume. In the multiobjective topology optimization literature, scalarization is a popular method to approximate this set, which is better known as the Pareto frontier. However, previous work indicates that the pointwise approximation obtained by scalarization obfuscates its underlying mathematical structure: under an imposed length scale, it consists of locally nondominated curve segments. To investigate this structure, the paper uses a simple methodology to (i) generate local optima with a tightly controlled topology and (ii) use continuation to extend these points to locally nondominated curves. The paper then performs two rounds of numerical experiments. The first round applies the methodology to several cantilever examples. This leads to novel insights regarding topological complexity and symmetry and confirms prior conclusions regarding continuity, smoothness and convexity. The second round investigates two numerical instabilities: (i) a lack of uniqueness and (ii) discontinuities of the locally nondominated curves. The former is linked to an observed flatness of the optimization landscape, whereas the latter is attributed to branch splitting and linked to bifurcation theory. Namely, we classify these discontinuities as higher-dimensional analogues of the subcritical, symmetry-breaking pitchfork bifurcation. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research to address these features of the multiobjective optimization landscape.