Gaussian Convolution, Internal Energies, and the Kneser--Poulsen Conjecture

RESUMO

We study to what extent the majorisation order between a probability measure and its $1$-Lipschitz image is preserved when both measures undergo Gaussian convolution. We show that the majorisation order is fully preserved in dimensions $n\leq 2$, and obtain dimension-dependent partial preservation in higher dimensions. The perspective taken is that majorisation between densities amounts to comparison through internal energies satisfying a certain pressure condition. Accordingly we introduce a notion of iterated nonnegativity of pressure, closely related to iterated pressures arising in optimal transport, placing the majorisation order within a graded hierarchy of internal energy comparisons. Using the observation that the volume of Euclidean neighbourhoods can be detected from internal energy measurements along the heat flow, we show that our results imply several principal known cases of the Kneser--Poulsen conjecture.