Spectral Koopman-Hopf Formula for Reachability with Adversary

RESUMO

This paper develops a spectral Koopman-Hopf framework for adversarial reachability analysis of nonlinear systems. By lifting the nonlinear drift dynamics into Koopman eigenfunction coordinates, the proposed approach transforms the original state-dependent Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) equation into an approximate state-independent optimization problem in spectral coordinates. The transformed control and disturbance directions are approximated using least-squares spectral projections, and upper and lower bounds on the transformed Hamiltonian are used to derive corresponding bounds on the value function and backward reachable sets. Koopman eigenfunctions are computed using a path-integral-based Galerkin framework that avoids spatial discretization of the associated eigenfunction PDEs. Numerical examples demonstrate tractable approximation of backward reachable sets for nonlinear adversarial systems.