Generalized Zeckendorf expansions of the 2nd order

RESUMO

We generalize Zeckendorf's theorem to second-order linear recurrences of the form $G_{k+2} = gG_{k+1} + hG_{k}$ with arbitrary, coprime initial values $(G_1, G_2)$. We analyze the asymptotic behavior of the count $\#R_G(X)$ of positive integers less than or equal to $X$ that have an expansion under the standard rule of expansions $\mathcal{E}$ associated with the recurrence. Additionally, we provide sufficient conditions under which $G$ has the unique expansion property under the rule of expansions. Finally, we completely characterize the $g$-golden ratio recurrence family when $G_1 = 1$ or $G_2 = 1$. Our approach directly investigates the algebraic structure of the expansions, simplifying and completing previous partial results.