Nonlinear profiles on solutions to the surface quasi-geostrophic equation

RESUMO

The quasi-geostrophic equation is well known as a model for predicting potential temperature around low-pressure systems in high-latitude regions. When diffusion effects are added to this equation, it serves as a model for potential temperature at the sea surface. In either case, the nonlinear term represents the effect of the Coriolis force. This paper yields nonlinear profile in solutions to the surface quasi-geostrophic equation. This profile is determined uniquely from the perspective of large-time behavior of solutions. Components of solutions are arranged sequentially from slow to fast decay based on the parabolic scale. Then such an expansion is determined uniquely. Since the equation is subcritical in the context of large-time effects, the main components exhibit linear features. Nonlinear characteristics appear in components that have a smaller effect on solutions. From the perspective of the correlation between spacetime variables, nonlinear profiles exhibit characteristics that are distinctly different from those of linear profiles. Moreover, the nonlinear effects of this equation are expected to be weaker than those of other equations with the same scale due to their spatial structure. The main theorem publishes minute, but unique rotational flow arising from the Coriolis force.