Sophus Lie's problem on two-dimensional metrics with projective symmetries: completing the local classification

RESUMO

We complete the local classification, up to isometry, of $2$-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian metrics (i.e. both Riemannian and Lorentzian), admitting a projective symmetry algebra of dimension at least two. The new contribution is the treatment of the non-regular case: we obtain a complete list of mutually non-isometric normal forms in neighbourhoods of points where the action of the projective Lie symmetry algebra fails to be regular, including all singular behaviours that can occur. Together with the known classification in the regular case, this completes the solution of the problem posed by Sophus Lie in 1882.