Revisiting kinetic electrostatic electron non-linear (KEEN) waves in the presence of dynamical ions

RESUMO

We revisit the kinetic electrostatic electron nonlinear (KEEN) waves studied by Afeyan et. al in 2014 using a hybrid flow-mapping strategy that combines the characteristic mapping method (CMM) with numerical flow iteration (NuFi). The study extends the classical setup to dynamical ions, comparing their impact on the long-time KEEN dynamics with the static-ion case. To this end, we extend the CMM-NuFI framework with a multi-map strategy, assigning one map to the ion and one to the electron characteristic flow. The resulting problem exhibits a wide separation of spatial and temporal scales, driven by the fine structures generated by the ponderomotive force and by the large ion-to-electron mass ratio, which renders it computationally prohibitive for conventional grid-based methods. Our multi-map CMM-NuFI method efficiently resolves these disparate scales, enabling long-time simulations of KEEN dynamics with fully dynamical ions.