Analytical Statistics of Vortex Beams in a Turbulent Channel for OAM-Multiplexed FSO Communications

RESUMO

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing can increase the capacity of free-space optical (FSO) communications, whereas atmospheric turbulence causes modal crosstalk and irradiance fluctuations that degrade demultiplexing performance. Analytical modeling is therefore important for characterizing turbulence-induced propagation effects and the demultiplexed port-power statistics of OAM channels. In this paper, we first study the receiver-plane irradiance statistics of vortex beams after propagating through the turbulent channel. The average irradiance is derived using frequency-domain convolution, and a closed-form frequency-domain diffraction kernel is obtained based on extended Rytov theory to evaluate the scintillation index for moderate and strong turbulence. However, receiver-plane irradiance statistics alone are insufficient to describe the performance of OAM-multiplexed FSO communications. We therefore derive the demultiplexed port-power statistics. Specifically, we derive the average port power, modal crosstalk, port-power variance, and cross-port covariance based on the complex Gaussian expansion of general LG vortex fields and the extended Huygens-Fresnel framework. The demultiplexed port-power statistics are then used to evaluate the symbol-error rate (SER) of OAM-multiplexed FSO communications. Numerical results demonstrate that all derived statistics are consistent with those obtained by phase-screen simulations under different turbulence strengths and beam parameters. The resulting SER performance further shows that OAM-multiplexing performance is more sensitive to mode spacing for small receiver apertures than for large apertures.