Super-Eddington Accretion and Early-Stage Feedback in Ton S180

RESUMO

Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies are key laboratories for studying rapid supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback at high accretion rates. We investigate the nearby NLSy1 Ton S180 with VLT-MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy to connect its nuclear accretion properties with the spatially resolved ionized gas and host-galaxy kinematics. We modeled the unresolved nuclear spectrum and applied a custom point spread function subtraction to recover the host-galaxy emission on kiloparsec scales. The nuclear spectrum requires a complex permitted-line decomposition and a blueshifted [O III] outflow component. Single-epoch estimators and the stellar velocity dispersion imply black hole masses in the range $\log(M_{\rm BH}/M_\odot) = 6.5 - 7.7$. Combined with the observed luminosity, this implies a dimensionless mass accretion rate of $\dot{M} / \dot{M}_{\rm Edd} = 4.1 - 980$, confirming the extreme accretion regime. The host galaxy shows a circumnuclear ring, an inner elongated structure consistent with a bar, and rotation-dominated gas and stellar kinematics. Simple inflow models do not significantly better reproduce the observed velocity field. We detect a resolved ionized outflow extending about 2 kpc west of the nucleus, with mildly blueshifted velocities (with a maximum of $v_{\rm max} \sim 340$ km s$^{-1}$). Its mass outflow rate is only $\sim 4.2 \times 10^{-4}\,M_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, whereas the unresolved nuclear outflow reaches $v_{\rm max} \sim 1140$ km s$^{-1}$ and $\dot{M}_{\rm out} > 1.5\,M_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. This contrast may reflect either weak ionized coupling from nuclear to galactic scales or different episodes of AGN activity over time. These results show that Ton S180 is undergoing rapid SMBH growth, while the observed ionized outflow remains confined to the inner few kiloparsecs and is weak on host-galaxy scales.