Investigating the coincidence problem with Interacting Dark Energy Models

RESUMO

Interacting dark energy (IDE) models within the framework of general relativity (GR) provide a possible extension of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model and may alleviate the coincidence problem. In this paper, we investigate three phenomenological interacting dark energy models using a combination of cosmic chronometer $H(z)$ measurements and two standard cosmic rulers: baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and quasars (QSO). The observational constraints indicate a mild preference for energy transfer from dark energy to dark matter, a scenario that may help alleviate the cosmic coincidence problem. However, the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, corresponding to the absence of interaction, remains fully consistent with the observational data, as the no-interaction case lies within the $1\sigma$ confidence interval of the inferred interaction parameter for all three IDE models. Model comparison, using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), further indicates that the current data do not provide statistically significant evidence favouring any IDE model over the standard $\Lambda$CDM scenario or over one another. These results suggest that, while a weak dark-sector interaction is permitted by the data, present observations do not provide compelling evidence for departures from the standard $\Lambda$CDM model.